His “Russian phase” was followed in the 1920s by a period in which he turned to neoclassical music. Né en 1882 près de Saint-Pétersbourg, Igor Fiodorovitch Stravinsky débute timidement sa carrière sous l'égide de son maître Rimski-Korsakov. Then, his father died from cancer, in 1902. Il demande donc à son chorégraphe, Michel Fokine, de puiser directement dans les contes traditionnels russes pour créer un ballet. Stravinsky formed a business and musical relationship with the French piano manufacturing company Pleyel. In gratitude to his benefactor, Stravinsky also dedicated his Three Pieces for Clarinet (October–November 1918) to Reinhart, who was an excellent amateur clarinetist. 0 Igor Fiodorovitch Stravinsky (en russe : Игорь Фёдорович Стравинский), né le 17 juin 1882 à Oranienbaum en Russie et mort le 6 avril 1971 à New York aux États-Unis, est un compositeur, chef d'orchestre et pianiste russe (naturalisé français en 1934, puis américain en 1945) de musique moderne, considéré comme l'un des compositeurs les plus influents du XX siècle. His compositions of this period shared traits with examples of his earlier output: rhythmic energy, the construction of extended melodic ideas out of a few two- or three-note cells and clarity of form, of instrumentation and of utterance. After her delivery, Katya was discovered to have tuberculosis and confined to the sanatorium at Leysin, high in the Alps. 0000003133 00000 n His first piece based solely on those techniques was In Memoriam Dylan Thomas written in 1954. Stravinsky’s compositional career was notable for its stylistic diversity. On hearing of their dilemma, couturière Coco Chanel invited Stravinsky and his family to reside at her new mansion “Bel Respiro” in the Paris suburb of Garches until they could find a more suitable residence; they arrived during the second week of September. He has a star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame and in 1987 he was posthumously awarded the Grammy Award for Lifetime Achievement. Stravinsky met Vera de Bosset in Paris in February 1921, while she was married to the painter and stage designer Serge Sudeikin, and they began an affair that led to Vera leaving her husband. On the 23rd, their second sonSviatoslav Soulima was born at a maternity clinic in Lausanne; at the end of the month, they took up residence in Clarens. On a parlé du « Massacre du Printemps » . Elle est aujourd’hui considérée comme le manifeste de la musique moderne qui annonce la violence des guerres à venir. The struggle between these two musical camps aside, there is no question that Stravinsky was one of the great masters of the era. 641 26 0000001647 00000 n 641 0 obj Over the course of his career, Stravinsky called for a wide variety of orchestral, instrumental, and vocal forces, ranging from single instruments in such works as Three Pieces for Clarinet (1918) or Elegy for Solo Viola (1944) to the enormous orchestra of The Rite of Spring (Le Sacre du printemps; 1913) which Aaron Copland characterized as “the foremost orchestral achievement of the 20th century.”. The Firebird was first performed at the Paris Opéra on 25 June 1910 by Sergei Diaghilev’s Ballets Russes. In the early 1920s, Leopold Stokowski gave Stravinsky regular support through a pseudonymous benefactor. Although most of his recordings were made with studio musicians, he … At the same time, Chanel also guaranteed the new (December 1920) Ballets Russes production of Stravinsky’s Le Sacre du Printemps (The Rite of Spring) with an anonymous gift to Diaghilev, said to have been 300,000 francs. Stravinsky’s output is typically divided into three general style periods: a Russian period, a neoclassical period, and a serial period. Diaghilev was sufficiently impressed by Fireworks to commission Stravinsky to carry out some orchestrations and then to compose a full-length ballet score, The Firebird. %PDF-1.7 %���� Aside from a very few surviving earlier works, Stravinsky’s Russian period began with compositions undertaken under the tutelage of Nikolai Rimsky-Korsakov, with whom he studied from 1905 until Rimsky’s death in 1908, including the orchestral works: Symphony in E-flat major (1907), Faun and Shepherdess (for mezzo-soprano and orchestra; 1907), Scherzo fantastique (1908), and Feu d’artifice (1908/9). In the late 1940s he made several recordings for RCA Victor at the Republic Studios in Los Angeles. Stravinsky’s use of motivic development (the use of musical figures that are repeated in different guises throughout a composition or section of a composition) included additive motivic development. huile sur toile. Like Stravinsky’s earlier student works, The Firebird continued to look backward to Rimsky-Korsakov not only in its orchestration, but also in its overall structure, harmonic organization, and melodic content. According to the composer Philip Glass, “the idea of pushing the rhythms across the bar lines . Blanche 15 . L’oeuvre de Stravinsky est alors interprétée par les Ballets russes. The Symphony, for example, calls for 3 flutes (3rd doubles piccolo); 2 oboes; 3 clarinets in B-flat; 2 bassoons; 4 horns in F; 3 trumpets in B-flat; 3 trombones, tuba, timpani, bass drum, triangle, cymbals, and strings. It was staged by the Santa Fe Opera in a 1962 Stravinsky Festival in honor of the composer’s 80th birthday and was revived by the Metropolitan Opera in 1997. Sérialisme. . 2009. 0000006705 00000 n Reinhart sponsored and largely underwrote its first performance, conducted by Ernest Ansermet on 28 September 1918 at the Théâtre Municipal de Lausanne. 0000001464 00000 n He first experimented with non-twelve-tone serial techniques in small-scale vocal and chamber works such as the Cantata (1952), the Septet (1953) and Three Songs from Shakespeare (1953). He became a naturalized United States citizen in 1945. He first experimented with non-twelve-tone serial techniques in small-scale vocal and chamber works such as the Cantata (1952), the Septet (1953) and Three Songs from Shakespeare (1953). Il se consacre à nouveau à la composition d’un ballet, Jeu de Cartes, chorégraphié par Balanchine pour l’American Ballet. L’ Institut Igor Stravinsky (IIS) reçoit délégation de la Fondation Igor Stravinsky pour le développement de ses projets réalisés en hommage à l’illustre compositeur. Stravinsky’s professional life encompassed most of the 20th century, including many of its modern classical music styles, and he influenced composers both during and after his lifetime. Le contraste avec les machines de Tinguely est saisissant : ses automates sont faits … Inscriptions S.D.b.d. 0000003734 00000 n Stravinsky a cédé à la pression sérielle progressivement, à partir de Cantata. Among the compositions that were issued on the Pleyela piano rolls are The Rite of Spring, Petrushka, The Firebird and Song of the Nightingale. It premiered in Venice that year and was produced around Europe the following year, before being staged in the New York Metropolitan Opera in 1953. There was a good deal of animosity between the two composers, a fact that was well-known at the time, just as there was tension in the musical community between the supporters of their two compositional styles. Following the premiere of Pulcinella by the Ballets Russes in Paris on 15 May 1920, Stravinsky returned to Switzerland. Stravinsky had adapted to life in France, but moving to America at the age of 57 was a very different prospect. (Piano, celesta, and harp are not included. With easy access to his sketchbooks, letters, and other docu­ ments it becomes possible to trace Stravinsky's conception of his most innovative work. 0000004135 00000 n In the 1950s, Stravinsky began using serial compositional techniques such as dodecaphony, the twelve-tone technique originally devised by Arnold Schoenberg. 0000000816 00000 n On 15 January 1914, a fourth child, Marie Milène (or Maria Milena), was born in Lausanne. Stravinsky enrolled at the University of Saint Petersburg in 1901, but he attended fewer than fifty class sessions during his four years of study. The percussion section calls for timpani, bass drum, cymbals, triangle, tambourine, tamtam, tubular bells, glockenspiel, and xylophone. Parmi les chefs-d'œuvre de cette tendance figurent les ballets Apollon Musagete , Le baiser de la fée , Symphonie en trois mouvements , Orphée , Agon , les opéras Œdipe Roi et La Carrière du libertin et le mélodrame Perséphone . Stravinsky struggled financially during this period. Under the terms of his contract with the company, Stravinsky agreed to arrange (and to some extent re-compose) many of his early works for the Pleyela, Pleyel’s brand of player piano. In June 1915, Stravinsky and his family moved from Clarens to Morges, a town 6 miles south-west of Lausanne on the shore of Lake Geneva. Aujourd'hui , c'est une œuvre majeure et reconnue du XXème siècle , qui a largement fait avancer les techniques … TECHNIQUE Assemblage de rouages et d'éléments divers métalliques Résine peinte, technique de moulage en polyester (polyuréthane) FIGURATION Éléments non-figuratifs (spirale, diagonale, ragtime) Quelques représentations d'animaux (renard, grenouille) et des symboles (clé de sol, corne d'abondance) Figuration déformée (sirène), 0000007420 00000 n From then until his wife’s death in 1939, Stravinsky led a double life, dividing his time between his family in southern France, and Vera in Paris and on tour. Bernard Holland claimed Stravinsky was especially fond of British writers, who visited him in Beverly Hills, “like W. H. Auden, Christopher Isherwood, Dylan Thomas. v&GG��rh���[FGCZChh�� ((����`�`�`q�*a66���� �� HH��( P��j�a�+P��@�-i>V���.�\0>p��C. 0000029185 00000 n He was buried at San Michele, close to the tomb of Diaghilev. Igor Stravinsky is a towering figure of twentieth century music. The Stravinsky family returned to Switzerland (as usual) in the fall of 1913. Apollon (1928), Persephone (1933) and Orpheus (1947) exemplify not only Stravinsky’s return to the music of the Classical period, but also his exploration of themes from the ancient Classical world, such as Greek mythology. During this period, Stravinsky composed two further works for the Ballets Russes: Petrushka (1911), andLe Sacre du printemps (The Rite of Spring; 1913). The Firebird (1910) requires winds in fours, 4 horns, 3 trumpets (in A), 3 trombones, tuba, celesta, 3 harps, piano, and strings. The particularly prominent role of the piano is the result of the music’s origin as a Konzertstück for piano and orchestra. THEMATIQUE : ARTS TECHNIQUES ET EXPRESSION DOMAINE : ARTS DU SON OBJET D ETUDE : LES AUGURES PRINTANIERS DU SACRE DU PRINTEMPS 1913 DANSE DES ADOLESCENTES DE IGOR STRAVINSKY en relation avec la fontaine Stravinsky. Stravinsky’s father died of cancer that year, by which time his son had already begun spending more time on his musical studies than on law. L’unité de son œuvre s’observe dans son audace, l’ensemble de ses compositions s’applique à oser franchir les barrières des conventions stylistiques. 0000002089 00000 n 0000002460 00000 n These works clearly reveal the influence of Rimsky-Korsakov, but as Richard Taruskin has shown, they also reveal Stravinsky’s knowledge of music by Glazunov, Taneyev, Tchaikovsky, Wagner, Dvořák, and Debussy, among others. A similar technique can be found as early as the sixteenth century, for example in the music of Cipriano de Rore, Orlandus Lassus, Carlo Gesualdo and Giovanni de Macque, music with which Stravinsky exhibited considerable familiarity. By age fifteen, he had mastered Mendelssohn’s Piano Concerto in G minor and finished a piano reduction of a string quartet by Glazunov, who reportedly considered Stravinsky unmusical, and thought little of his skills. Stravinsky’s creation of unique and idiosyncratic ensembles arising from the specific musical nature of individual works is a basic element of his style. In gratitude, Stravinsky dedicated the work to Reinhart and gave him the original manuscript. The first of his compositions fully based on such techniques was In Memoriam Dylan Thomas (1954). Igor Stravinsky, Poetics of Music, préface de Darius Milhaud, Harvard, Harvard University Press, 1947. Despite his enthusiasm for music, his parents expected him to study law. De Nikolaï Rimski-Korsakov , l'un de ses maîtres, Stravinsky retiendra la luxuriance de l'orchestre et donnera de premières œuvres, imbibées de folklore russe, chatoyantes de couleurs. During his stay in the USSR, he visited Moscow and met several leading Soviet composers, including Dmitri Shostakovich and Aram Khachaturian. La première a lieu au Metropolitan Opera de New York sous sa direction. Robert Craft, « Roland-Manuel and the Poetics of Music », Perspectives of New Music, XXI (1-2), 1982-83, p. 487-505, revu sous le titre « Roland-Manuel and La Poétique musicale » in Stravinsky : Selected Correspondence, éd. Cette technique a pour point de départ le système dodécaphonique. Patronage was never far away. Stravinsky settled in West Hollywood. Stravinsky’s unconventional dominant seventh chord in his arrangement of “The Star-Spangled Banner” led to an incident with the Boston police on 15 January 1944, and he was warned that the authorities could impose a $100 fine upon any “rearrangement of the national anthem in whole or in part.” The police, as it turned out, were wrong. In 1969, Stravinsky moved to the Essex House in New York, where he lived until his death in 1971 at age 88 of heart failure. The Rite of Spring (1913) calls for the largest orchestra Stravinsky ever employed: piccolo, 3 flutes (3rd doubles 2nd piccolo), alto flute, 4 oboes (4th doubles 2nd cor anglais), cor anglais, piccolo clarinet in D/E♭, 3 clarinets (3rd doubles 2nd bass clarinet), bass clarinet, piccolo clarinet, 4 bassoons (4th doubles 2nd contrabassoon), contrabassoon, 8 horns (7th and 8th double tenor Wagner tubas), piccolo trumpet in D, 4 trumpets in C (4th doubles bass trumpet in E-flat), 3 trombones (2 tenor, 1 bass), 2 tubas. Katya, to whom he had been married for 33 years, died of tuberculosis a year later, in March 1939. The composer had travelled from his estate in Ustilug, Ukraine, to Paris in early June to attend the final rehearsals and the premiere of The Firebird. Stravinsky was born on 17 June 1882 in Oranienbaum, a suburb of Saint Petersburg, the Russian imperial capital, and was brought up in Saint Petersburg. h�b```c``~����0s� ��X8:\:�{��k����������.T���}F�����jV\��[�eI�H�����H��Y��jPg����L�X'�lq]���l:��VN~%��wu��@���gޫ=ޞ��gS������vq"� : J.E. Dans cet environnement urbain et gris, la fontaine Stravinsky attire par les couleurs éclatantes des sculptures de Niki de Saint Phalle. 0000015827 00000 n igor stravinsky, un tempÉrament de conquistador Ses premières compositions ( Symphonie en mi bémol, le Faune et la Bergère ) ne laissent pas encore deviner son tempérament de conquistador, mais sa rencontre avec Serge de Diaghilev oriente sa vie dans une direction inattendue. 0000036320 00000 n 0000036503 00000 n Stravinsky’s serial works are generally much briefer than his tonal works but have a denser musical content. Igor Stravinsky found recordings a practical and useful tool in preserving his own thoughts on the interpretation of his music. In April 1915, Stravinsky received a commission from Winnaretta Singer (Princesse Edmond de Polignac) for a small-scale theatrical work to be performed in her Paris salon. The result was Renard (1916), which he called “A burlesque in song and dance.” Renard was Stravinsky’s first venture into experimental theatre: the composer’s preface to the score specifies a trestle stage on which all the performers (including the instrumentalists) were to appear simultaneously and continuously. He recalled his schooldays as being lonely, later saying that “I never came across anyone who had any real attraction for me.” Stravinsky began piano lessons as a young boy, studying music theory and attempting composition. https://www.allocine.fr/film/fichefilm_gen_cfilm=138013.html Pendant leur liaison, Coco Chanel et Igor Stravinsky s’affirment chacun dans leurs domaines de création. However, composers including Maurice Ravel, Béla Bartók, and Reynaldo Hahn found much to admire in the score’s craftsmanship, even alleging to detect the influence of Arnold Schoenberg. ), http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Igor_Stravinsky. Igor and the family took up residence nearby, and he completed Le Rossignol there on 28 March. He was drawn to the growing cultural life of Los Angeles, especially during World War II, when so many writers, musicians, composers and conductors settled in the area: these included Otto Klemperer, Thomas Mann, Franz Werfel, George Balanchine and Arthur Rubinstein. The original version of Petrushka (1911) calls for a similar orchestra (without onstage brass, but with the addition of onstage snare drum). Pour plus de détails, voir Fiche technique et Distribution. In April, they were finally able to return to Clarens. Parcourez 2 117 photos et images disponibles de igor stravinsky, ou lancez une nouvelle recherche pour explorer plus de photos et images. In the 1950s, Igor Stravinsky began using the twelve-tone technique developed by Arnold Schoenberg in his compositions. Over the next four years, Stravinsky and his family lived in Russia during the summer months and spent each winter in Switzerland. In addition, the original version calls for 3 onstage trumpets and 4 onstage Wagner tubas (2 tenor and 2 bass). Following the model of his teacher, Nikolai Rimsky-Korsakov, Stravinsky’s student works such as the Symphony in E-flat, Opus 1 (1907), Scherzo fantastique, Opus 3 (1908), and Fireworks (Feu d’artifice), Opus 4 (1908), call for large orchestral forces. Il s'agit d'une adaptation du roman Coco et Igor (en) de Chris Greenhalgh (en) paru en 2003 . Coco Chanel et Igor Stravinsky (également titré Coco et Igor) est un film français réalisé par Jan Kounen, sorti en 2009. Description. A widely known photograph of Stravinsky, supposedly his mug shot, has been shown to be for a passport application. The War and subsequent Russian Revolution made it impossible for Stravinsky to return to his homeland, and he did not set foot upon Russian soil again until October 1962. In May 1921, Stravinsky and his family moved to Anglet, near Biarritz, in the south of France. The works from this period tended to make use of traditional musical forms (concerto grosso, fugue and symphony). ��9/�6ѥ�0Y�a�L������˓��1��+�\`�_�T���g�U���7gy"ˋW�F5��t�F�,�x�#@�=��W�4��3N~ During the remainder of the summer, Stravinsky turned his attention to completing his first opera, The Nightingale (usually known by its French title Le Rossignol), which he had begun in 1908 (that is, before his association with the Ballets Russes). He did so in a way that made full use of all of the piano’s eighty-eight notes, without regard for human fingers or hands. Percussion includes 5 timpani (2 players), bass drum, tamtam, triangle, tambourine, cymbals, antique cymbals, guiro, and strings. 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